combat writing badge

M I L T E R M S : fingerspelled letter E semaphor letter E signal flag letter E E : ECHO

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EA :
in the Navy and Marines, an Executive Assistant, who's also called "braider" due to the distinctive aiguillette or shoulder CORD worn in this capacity; see AIDE, ADC, DOG ROBBER, HOUSE MOUSE, MAN FRIDAY, GOFER, BROWN NOSER, FACE TIME.

EAGLE :
seal of the United States of
America
seal of the USA
McDonnell-Douglas F-15B/-C jet aircraft; compare STRIKE EAGLE, see BIRD. Also, American symbol on United States seal; according to Benjamin Franklin, "a bird of low morals", since he much preferred the wild turkey and rattlesnake as icons. Also, the symbol of America, the federal government, or the Armed Forces, as represented on various BADGEs and other INSIGNIA; sometimes mockingly renamed the chicken, crow, or BUZZARD.

EAGLE CLAW :
the abortive mission on 24 April 1980 that was intended to rescue 53 hostages from the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Iran, originally designated "Operation Rice Bowl", and also known as "Operation Evening Light"; the hostages were released by diplomatic negotiations after 444 days of captivity on 20 January 1981. The too-complex plan was plagued by interservice jealousy, and even after simplification, its execution was compromised by gross incompetence, including the abandonment of five intact MH-53 SEA STALLION helicopters, and a classified copy of the OPLAN that disclosed the names of covert operatives in Iran. A second rescue mission was planned under the name "Operation Credible Sport", also known as "Operation Honey Badger", but was never implemented. The Tower Commission Report focused on the defects in planning and execution, especially the equipment failures and the aircraft collision at Desert One FOB, which led to the remedial formation of the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) and the Special Operations Aviation Regiment (SOAR).

EAGLE FLIGHT / EAGLE STRIKE :
a large helicopter assault force used to temporarily secure a key piece of terrain so an operation can proceed; also refers to such a force on air or ground standby alert to perform rapid reaction missions. See COMPANY LIFT, LZ, CLZ, PZ.

THE EAGLE SHITS :
government payday; see DOUBLE-DIP, THE G, THE NATIONAL JOKE FACTORY, ACT OF CONGRESS; compare SLUSH FUND, CANDY, GOLDEN SHOWER, PORK BARREL, BELTWAY BANDIT, GAO, GSA. [nb: 'stipend', as a tax-exempt allowance or honorary salary, usually a pittance, derives from "soldier's pay"] [cf: blood money; 'wages' are compensation or recompense, from carry on, struggle, pledge]

EAR-BANG :
slang for a mandatory speech or address, obligatory oration or sermon, compulsory lecture or conference. See OFFICER'S CALL, BRIEFING, CONFAB, HALF-MAST, CHIN CHIN, POWWOW, CHATTER, SUMMIT.

EARLY OUT :
servicemember released before contractual ETS date, usually as a reward for combat service or hardship duty.

EARRING :
an ornament mounted on or suspended from the earlobe, as common to many tribal peoples, from Chinese and Persian to African and AmerIndian; they originated as emblems of status or RANK (both high and low), and as marks of affiliation or membership (both adoptive and outcast). Their ornamental (adornment or decorative) use, divorced from their signal function in caste or confraternity, is wholly a modern phenomenon of (mis-)appropriated meaning(-lessness) and fickle fashion. Custom-made EARRINGs were "awarded" to RECON teammates on SF projects before 1966, and thereafter spread by imitation to other LRRP units during the VIETNAM WAR. It is possible that the practice was inspired by the "skull and crossed-bones" combat-EARRINGs featured in Robert A. Heinlein's book "Starship Troopers". Indiscriminate conferral has caused military EARRINGs to become so ubiquitous that they are now decoratively commonplace and symbolically meaningless. Compare TATTOO, MEAT MARKER, COINING, BRACELET; see INITIATION. [nb: according to legend, a sailor acquired a pierced EARRING when "crossing the line" (equator), which acquisition was alleged to improve his eyesight] [nb: "For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites (outcasts)." Judges 8:24 Bible]

EARS :
any listening device or sound development system, especially one involving earphones or headphones (as "let me put on my EARS and CHECK IT OUT"), also called "cans" in NavSpeak; see RADIO, ANTENNA FARM, TROPO, LISTENING WATCH, COMM OP, DITTY-BOP, RTO, COMMO, TELEPHONE, NET, CW, HAND, TWX, BUG, RADAR, MSQ, ECM, MUSIC, GRASS, UWT, SONAR, SOSUS. Also, during the VIETNAM WAR, the body parts that were (illegally) collected from corpses as a symbolic token of victory, that were dried by salting and worn on a necklace, being similar to scalping and the collection of other body parts (eg: headhunting, endocannibalism), including teeth, fingers, and genitals as taken during other wars; see TROPHY, SOUVENIR, KILL CREDIT, HAIRCUT AND MANICURE, BRAGGING RIGHTS, PISSING CONTEST. [nb: during the Mongolian campaign against Russia, Poland, and Hungary in 1223 under Subutai (and again later in 1242 under Batu Khan), a chronicle of the battle at the Kalka River noted that an ear from each Knight Templar corpse was taken as proof of their utter destruction, with the collection sent in bagfuls to Genghis Khan; also, during WWII, the partisan Bulgars and Uzbeks operating with the OSS took an ear from each Nazi corpse]

EARTH ANGEL :
an INDIGenous HOI CHANH dressed in NVA/PAVN uniform and GEAR (replicated by CISO) so as to surveil enemy troops and to ask local civilians for INTEL; similar to ROADRUNNER except operated "behind-the-lines" in Cambodia and Laos. See KIT CARSON SCOUT, SOG. [nb: a similar program during WWII in the ETO operated by OSS was called "Sauerkraut" (word play: Sour + German)]

EARTHWORKS :
any type of excavation that's used militarily; the simplest being a FOXHOLE, wherein the dirt (or spoil) removed from the pit is formed into a defensive mound (or parapet) on the side facing the enemy. See FORTIFICATION. [v: Military Earthworks Terms]

EASTPAC :
Navy and Coast Guard term for Eastern Pacific operations, which extended from the homewaters off the coast of North America; part of Pacific Fleet (PACFLT).

ECCM :
Electronic Counter-CounterMeasures; being those actions Taken to ensure friendly effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum despite the enemy's use of electronic Warfare (EW).

ECHO :
the word assigned to represent the letter "E" in the international phonetic alphabet; at various times in different spelling schemes, it has also been acrophonetically represented as Easy. See ALPHABET SOUP, PHONETIC ALPHABET. [v: Alphabet Codes & Signal Flags]

ECM :
Electronic CounterMeasures, being one of the elements of electronic warfare (EW), including jamming, deception, and misdirect detection; see ECTAR, MUSIC, NOISE, PAINT, CHAFF, TWIDGET, "Green Flag" @ RED FLAG, COUNTERMEASURES; compare ESM / EWSM. Also, Electric Coding Machine, an automatic encryption device.

ECTAR :
Electronic Countermeasures Tactical Action Report, being an event incident report that typically catalogues the details (ie: time, date, location, type, etc) of an enemy contact, blockage or avoidance; see ECM, EW.

THE EDGE :
informal reference to any fighting or combat advantage, being more than just weapons or tactics, intelligence or terrain, but extending to food and water, rest and shelter, including morale and esprit, and even sunlight glare and planted DISINFORMATION ... in fact, anything that will shift the balance in a fight; see FORCE MULTIPLIER, ESPRIT DE CORPS. Also, a line, border, verge, or brink; see FRONT LINE, FEBA, FLOT, MLR, FCSL, LINE OF DEPARTURE, PHASE LINE, WAY POINT, BLEEDING EDGE. Also, the sharp side, thin face, or leading element. Also, to shift or force a lateral or sideways movement; see FLANK, REFUSE. Also, to proceed or advance gradually or cautiously.

EDI :
Electronic Data Interchange, a computerized LOGISTICS system; compare CEIP, ECM.

EDP :
Expeditious Discharge Program

E&E / E & E / E-and-E :
Escape and Evasion (or Evasion and Escape); the procedures and operations whereby personnel in enemy-held or hostile areas are able to emerge into areas under friendly control. Survival factors: fear, pain, weather, terrain, thirst, hunger, fatigue, isolation, haste. Based upon POW experiences during the Second INDOCHINA War, the military CODE OF CONDUCT would be revised, and the E&E training would be expanded into "Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape" (SERE). See BUG-OUT KIT, ENVIS, SAFE, BRIGHT LIGHT, BLOOD CHIT, POINTIE TALKIE, IRC, DP, BOAT PEOPLE, YELLOW BIRD. [nb: USAF Combat Survival Training, a twenty-day course of instruction, teaches survival and evasion techniques for any terrain or climate with the objective of returning to friendly lines without the intervention of rescue and recovery (SAR/CSAR, RIT/TRAP) assets] [nb: the "human railway" was an escape network established by the Resistance (French, Belgian, Czech, and others) to rescue or conceal downed Allied aircrewmen so as to escort them to neutral nations (Switzerland, Spain, Turkey, or Sweden) for repatriation during WWII; also known as the "underground railroad"]

EEBD :
Emergency Escape Breathing Device; being a clear plastic hood with a small air cylinder that's designed to enable people to vacate a smoke-filled compartment to exit outdoors within 5-8 minutes; compare OBA, SCUBA, GAS MASK.

EEFI :
Essential Elements of Friendly Information; see CCIR, PIR, IR, MI, INTEL.

EEIR :
Essential Elements of Information Report

EER :
Enlisted Efficiency Report, based on character and efficiency (C&E) rating; see ER, FITREP, BAYONET SHEET.

EFMB :
Expert Field Medical Badge, sometimes called Expert Field Medic's Badge; a technical skill badge for Army corpsmen assigned to line units for non-combat proficiency, as authorized on 18 June 1965; consisting of a caduceus, surmounted by a Greek Cross, overlaid upon a stretcher. See CMB.

EFP :
Explosive Formed Projectile, or Explosively Formed Penetrator; being a roadside bomb that detonates an explosive charge within a steel tube that causes a copper disk to deform into a fist-sized chunk of supersonic molten metal, launched at a target, that can pierce armoured vehicles. Compare SABOT; see IED, GAMMON GRENADE, MOLOTOV COCKTAIL, SOUP, COCKTAIL, BOOBY-TRAP, TOE-POPPER, C-4, EXPLOSIVE, MINE, SYMPHONY, DEACTIVATE, EOD, UXO, SABOTAGE.

EGGBEATER :
affectionate name for any helicopter; also known as WHIRLY BIRD, and called "fling-wing" in the Navy. See CHOPPER. [nb: Vietnamese term: Phi Co Len Thang, Phi Co Tuc Thang]

EHF :
Extremely High Frequency; a radio signal spectrum between 30 and 300 gigahertz (GHz). See RADIO WAVE, RADIO.

EIB :
Expert Infantryman's Badge, a skill badge for Army infantry specialists. The EIB originated as a "badge of excellence" for combat infantrymen during WWII who did not deserve the CIB, but the award was ignored as a "second-class CIB", so was converted into a non-combat proficiency badge with rigorous standards.

EISENHOWER DOCTRINE :
(forthcoming); see PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINE.

ELBOW GREASE :
accomplishing something by dint of physical exertion or hard work, especially cleaning; oft repeated admonition by DI or PLT SGT was "All I want to see is assholes and elbows!". See SWEAT, SCRUB, GI PARTY, KP, FATIGUE, HOUSECLEANING, DUTY ROSTER.

ELD :
USCG Explosive Loading Detachment. There were four ELDs assigned to the Army in VN. They supervised the off loading of all the ammo in VN.

ELDEST SON :
CODENAME for the clandestine introduction of defective rifle and mortar ammunition into PAVN caches, as conceived by Singlaub; also known as "Pole Bean" or "Italian Green". This project required the support of DISINFORMATION broadcasts about "quality control problems" attributable to Red China, to allay enemy suspicions, to exacerbate ancient animosities, and to increase demoralization. See KALASHNIKOV, 7.62 MINIS, BOOBY-TRAP. [nb: the OSS introduced "exploding mule turds" along roads in northern Africa during Operation Torch, and "exploding coal" into railroad depots throughout the CBI and SEAC theaters during WWII]

ELECTRIC BUTTERKNIFE :
U.S. Army Special Forces
shoulder patch
Army SF
NICKNAME for the unique arrowhead PATCH with AIRBORNE tab worn by U.S. Army Special Forces personnel; which was designed by CPT John W. Frye; and incorporates the background color of teal blue signifying "branch unassigned", meaning that MIL-PERS were drawn from other branch specialties for SF training and service (Q-TAB authorized 1984), until the separate SF branch was created in 1987. When SF detachments (DET) rotated through Saigon for command and control on classified missions IN-COUNTRY, before the SFOB was established at NhaTrang, this PATCH was also called "Saigon Electric Works" as a humorous diversion. See SF, SNEAKY PETE, SNAKE-EATER, BLANKET HEAD, GREEN BERET, GABRIEL, BRONZE BRUCE.

ELECTRIC SWORD :
1st Signal Brigade
1 Sig Bde
sardonic reference to the symbolism of the 1st Signal Brigade; also known as "electric sword and shield". The 1st Signal Brigade served in Vietnam from April 1966 through November 1972, occupying more than 200 telecommunications sites throughout the region, it became the largest combat communications unit in American history. The 1st Sig Bde provided a comprehensive electronics system through subordinate groups (12th Sig Gp for I CTZ, 2nd Sig Gp for II and IV CTZ, 21st Sig Gp for III CTZ, 160th Sig Gp for HQ Saigon), and assumed the theater functions of STRATCOM. See WIGWAG.

ELECTRIC STRAWBERRY :
25th Infantry Division patch
25th Inf Div
a NICKNAME for the 25th Infantry Division as derived from the "Tropic Lightning" on a red leaf motif, and the protest "Strawberry Statement" declaration; the division was also called the "Cu Chi National Guard" for its HOMESTEADING of that sector of Vietnam.

ELECTRONIC CAMPFIRE :
slang phrase for the eerie glow of an illuminated CRT or VDT monitor which draws visitors, like a flickering flame, to gather around to view its contents, especially when scrolling new data with automatic updates or when depicting animated images; also called the "electronic hearth".

ELEPHANT :
the Asian ELEPHANT (Elephas Maximus), a five-toed mammal with prehensile trunk, is a beast of burden and "work horse" throughout the SEA region; being a smaller variant of the African (Loxodonta Africana). Etymology is disputed, but appears as large in elephantine, and enlarged in elephantiasis. Used metaphorically in: "see the elephant" for anticipation or prospect of combat; "seen the elephant" / "seen the elephant and heard the owl hoot" for viewed battle or carnage of battle UP-CLOSE 'n' PERSONAL; "eat the elephant" for accomplish enormous task incrementally, as "eat the elephant one bite at a time" (a MURPHY LAW of Combat states: "If you don't sweat the small stuff, then the big stuff will take care of itself ... but it's all small stuff."). These analogies from the American era of western expansion, when a traveling circus was major entertainment ... idea of elephant exciting and enchanting, distant elephant mighty and magnificent, near elephant fetid and disgusting ... have been used in military conversation since the American CIVIL WAR. Compare WHITE ELEPHANT; see ELEPHANT GRASS, DUMBO, three-headed elephant ("Erawan") symbol at RLA. Also, slang for a high-ranking or important personage, as a powerful person or someone invested with authority; also known as a "gorilla" (the proverbial "800 pound gorilla" or "silverback") or "big cheese", a "big dog" or TOP DOG, a GOLDEN BOY or RAINMAKER, a BRASS HAT or OIC; see WHITE WAY; compare SWINE LOG, LITTLE PEOPLE. [cf: Jotun, Titan, Antaeus/Antaios, Anak/Anakim]

ELEPHANT DANCE :
negotiations made by the powerful and influential preliminary to the establishment of an operation's final plan (OPLAN), so as to garner the maximum authority or credit, either by the most favored person or the preferred branch; such contending rivalry or vying competition is also known as a "shadow dance", "hippo ballet", or "behemoth ball" ... "the mice and rabbits watched and waited out of the way while the ELEPHANTs DANCEd" ... "We'll know what the plan is as soon as the ELEPHANTs stop DANCing." See ELEPHANT, WHITE WAY, FIRING LINE, PISSING CONTEST; compare SWINE LOG, LITTLE PEOPLE, HOUSE MOUSE, DOGSBODY, DOG ROBBER, STRIKER, ORDERLY, MAN FRIDAY, GOFER, WHITE MOUSE, AIDE, DUCK-WALK, GHOST WALK, CAKEWALK, TAP-DANCER. [cf: Jotun, Titan, Antaeus/Antaios, Anak/Anakim]

ELEPHANT GRASS :
a tall cattail (Typha Elephantina) of southern Asia, used for making rope and baskets; see BOONIES, TULE, SAW GRASS, KUNAI, NIPA PALM, PITA.

ELEPHANT HUT :
slang for an Armco hut, manufactured by Armco International Corporation of Middletown Ohio; being an arched heavy-steel construction, variously sized, used as bunkers, ammunition magazines, and personnel shelters during and after WWII. "Armcos" are a heavy-duty corrugated ingot-iron (8- to 14-gauge) building that was modeled on earth-retaining structures, such as culverts and storm sewers, so did not require supporting ribs. "Armcos" were curved and corrugated much like a QUONSET HUT, and were strong enough to be completely buried in up to six feet of dirt. Also known as UTILITY BUILDING. See DEPOT, GODOWN, MULTIPLE UTILITY BUILDING, DUMP, TOMB, BUNKER, BOMB SHELTER, FALLOUT SHELTER, BLDG, BILLET. [v: British Nissen hut]

ELEPHANT'S FOOT :
distinctive Cambodia/SVN border feature near x; see PARROT'S BEAK, FISHHOOK, DOG'S FACE, ANGEL'S WING, BLACK LADY MOUNTAIN.

ELEPHANT SHIT :
an extraordinary amount of CHICKEN SHIT (qv), copious and relentless harassment.

ELEPHANT'S TRUNK :
a line-cutter securely mounted on the front bumper of JEEPs, from WWII through Vietnam, as a FIELD EXPEDIENT adaptation to prevent injury (especially DECAPITATION) to the driver and passengers from BOOBY-TRAPs and TRIPWIREs; the term for this device is a rebus derived from a raised elephant's trunk, although it also has the appearance of an erect King Cobra. See RHINO; compare PARAVANE.

ELEVATION :
the vertical movement of the barrel of a cannon or GUN TUBE, especially when raised; when the MAIN-GUN is lowered to acquire a target, that reverse elevation is called "depress". Compare TRAVERSE, TRAIN, DEFLECTION; see PLUNGING FIRE, ARTY.

ELF :
Extremely Low Frequency, a radio signal spectrum between 30 and 300 hertz (Hz) that's transmitted to submerged vessels and received by a long trailing wire antenna; see RADIO WAVE, RADIO, SUBMARINE, compare UWT.

ELINT :
ELectronic INTelligence, information developed from technical surveillance; usually low-grade or inconclusive, and often acquired at great inconvenience and expense.

ELSIE :
onomatopoeic name representative of the initials "LC" meaning LANDING CRAFT; name includes all manned modules deployed from a larger craft or vessel on, under, or above the surface. See GATOR, SDV.

ELT :
Electronic Locator Transmitter; downed aircraft impact automatically triggers radio locator transmission. See LOCATOR BEACON.

EM :
Enlisted Man. Used in two ways: to identify the personnel below the NCO ranks (E-1 - E-3); and to distinguish between officers and all other ranks (eg: officers and men). In both senses, enlisted has the meaning of "serving", and does not indicate DRAFTEE or volunteer status. During the Vietnam Era, some EM and NCO rank designations were changed, adding stripes at lower grades and rating at SUPER GRADEs. See SLICK SLEEVE, CRUIT, YARDBIRD, BOOT, MOSQUITO WING, MOSQUITO SMILE, MATING MOSQUITOES, BIRD UMBRELLA, SPEC, BUCK, RATING, SWINE LOG, EM, SHAKE 'n' BAKE, NCO, MIL-PERS. Also, Vietnamese term for a child, kid, stripling, youth, youngster, juvenile, adolescent, fledgling, minor, salad days, halcyon days, heyday; compare BABY-SAN; see MAMA-SAN, PAPA-SAN, STREET ARAB, CHILDREN'S BRIGADE.

EMBRACE THE SUCK :
a sardonic expression for coping with or dealing with a bad situation ("It sucks!"); also expressed as SUCK IT UP.

EMBRASURE :
an opening in a fortification, as a loophole or crenel, through which MISSILEs may be launched or discharged; see PORTHOLE. Also, an opening, as a door (v: POSTERN) or window, aperture or HATCH, having a splayed enlargement toward the inner face of a wall, as the firing port in a BUNKER or CASEMATE.

EMERGENCY LOCATOR BEACON :
a generic term for all radio beacons used for emergency locating purposes; see LOCATOR BEACON. [cf: Selective Identification Feature (SIF); Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)]

EMKAY HUT :
a shelter designed in 1943 by G.D. Paxson of the Morrison-Knudsen (M-K) Company for the crews of their large and remote military construction contracts; it was ostensibly inspired by a chicken shed, but its similarity to the QUONSET HUT and PACIFIC HUT is undeniable. Built in Boise Idaho, the EMKAY HUT had laminated wood ribs, and its distinctively gothic "two-centered arch" appears pointed in profile. All styles were built entirely of wood and wallboard, could be built to any length (in multiples of twelve feet), and could accommodate different climates. See BLDG, BILLET. [v: British Nissen hut, Canadian Portaseal hut]

EMP :
ElectroMagnetic Pulse, being a burst of electromagnetic energy produced by a nuclear explosion in the atmosphere, considered capable of widespread damage to power transmissions, telecommunications, and electronic equipment unless HARDENed; also known as "doomsday pulse". See NUKE, FALLOUT; compare E-WARHEAD. [v: Compton effect, Planck's constant, quantum theory]

EMPLACEMENT :
a place prepared for, or the positioning of, a heavy weapon, such as an artillery piece; see BARBETTE, BUNKER, COVER, DEFILADE, REDOUBT, REVETMENT. [v: Military Earthworks Terms]

ENCL / ENC :
enclosure, enclosed, enclose.

ENCODE :
to CIPHER or CODE; see ALPHABET SOUP, ENCRYPT, KAK, SHACKLE, SCRAMBLE, NULLITY, BURST, TAP CODE, DUNGEON, CRYPER, INTEL, ASA, MI, CIC, ICAP, IR, COMICS, RTO, RADIO. [nb: Kerckhoffs' Principle of Secure Cryptography states that a cryptosystem should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge; Schneier's Law states that "Any person can invent a security system so clever that s/he can't think of how to break it."]

ENCRYPT :
to encipher or ENCODE; reciprocal DECRYPT, decipher, or DECODE is required. See ALPHABET SOUP, CODE TALKER, CIPHER, KAK, SHACKLE, SCRAMBLE, NULLITY, BURST, TAP CODE, DUNGEON, CRYPER, INTEL, ASA, MI, CIC, ICAP, IR, COMICS, RTO, RADIO. [nb: Kerckhoffs' Principle of Secure Cryptography states that a cryptosystem should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge; Schneier's Law states that "Any person can invent a security system so clever that s/he can't think of how to break it."]

THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS :
a catch-phrase expressing the rationale of Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuits, which has been credited to Niccol di Bernardo Machiavelli as "One must consider the final result."; it's also stated as "the end justifies the means". See MIGHT MAKES RIGHT, GARRISON STATE, REALPOLITIK, MISSION. [nb: "The first sign of corruption in a society that is still alive is that the end justifies the means." by Georges Bernanos; "The end may justify the means as long as there is something that justifies the end." by Leon Trotsky; "Politics can be relatively fair in the breathing spaces of history; at its critical turning points there is no other rule possible than the old one, that the end justifies the means." by Arthur Koestler]

ENDURANCE :
the period of time that an aircraft, vessel, or vehicle can continuously operate without being refueled, resupplied, or refitted. Also, the distance an aircraft, vessel, or vehicle can continue to operate under specific conditions. See PETROL, JUICE, HOT-FUELING, TOP-OFF, POD, DROP-TANK, TANKER, JOKER, BINGO.

ENDURANCE LOAD :
the stock or store of operational items sufficient to sustain the CREW in its assigned aircraft, vessel, or vehicle over its ENDURANCE time or distance during a specific mission, with respect to item size, weight, durability, and consumption rate; also called "endurance loaded" or "endurance loading".

ENDURING FREEDOM :
Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF); compare Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), see GULF WAR, WAR ON TERROR.

ENFILADE :
gunfire that sweeps a line of troops, vehicles, emplacements, and the like; lengthwise or longitudinal fire that aligns with the longest axis of the TARGET. See FUSILLADE; compare FPL, SALVO, BROADSIDE, VOLLEY, STORM, DRUMFIRE, AT CLOSE QUARTERS.

ENG / ENGR :
18th Engineer Brigade
18 Engr Bde
20th Engineer Brigade
20 Engr Bde
abbreviation for ENGineeR branch, sometimes called PIONEERs; the traditional branch color is green. The 18th Engineer Brigade served in Vietnam from September 1965 through September 1971. The 20th Engineer Brigade was formed in May 1967, and served in Vietnam from August 1967 through September 1971. See CE, SAPPER, BREACHER, RCT, SEABEES, SNIPE, HHC, JERRV, CEV. [nb: Vietnamese term: Cong Binh] [nb: the Army Corps of Engineers was assigned the responsibility for surveying America's borders and features in 1831, resulting in a separate Topographic Corps in 1838]

ENIWETOK :
an atoll situated in the northwestern Marshall Islands that was the site of A-BOMB and H-BOMB tests from 1947 to 1952; compare BIKINI, see ZERO POINT, GROUND ZERO, OVERKILL, CBR, PAPER TIGER, DARPA, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK, NUKE, HEAVY WATER, YELLOWCAKE, HOT GREASE, SCRAM, CONTAINMENT, BROKEN ARROW.

ENSIGN :
National Jack
National Jack
Union Jack
Union Jack
the national standard or flag mounted on a Naval vessel; compare COLORS, see STARS 'n' STRIPES [nb: a small ENSIGN positioned at the bow of a boat or ship is called a "jack", hence "Union Jack" or "National Jack"]. [v: Flag Terms] Also, the lowest RANKing commissioned officer (ENS O-1) in the naval services (ie: USN, USCG), equivalent to Second Lieutenant (2LT); formerly the RATING of the SAILOR assigned to attend the flag; see AIMING STAKES, OFFICER, RANK. Also, an emblem, badge, or token of RANK or office; see PIP, CHOP. [nb: The Second Continental Congress authorized the formation of the Continental Navy in 1775 to seize British arms and materiel for the revolution. At the same time, five companies of Marines were mustered for this mission, and they bore drums painted yellow with a coiled rattlesnake and the motto: "Don't Tread On Me". Commodore Esek Hopkins directed the first ships of the Continental Navy, readied in the Delaware River for their initial foray in the fall of 1775, to fly "a striped Navy jack and ensign". The design of this "First Navy Jack", since no representation or example survives, has been inferred from this signal, and was first depicted by historians more than a century later. The themes represented by the earlier Franklin cartoon, Gadsden and Culpeper flags, undoubtedly influenced this ensign. In 1980, the Secretary of the Navy directed that the ship with the longest active status shall display the "First Navy Jack" until deactivated or decommissioned, thence the flag would be passed to the next ship in line. On 31 May 2002, the Secretary of the Navy directed all United States Navy ships to fly this ensign in honor of those killed in the 11 September 2001 attacks, and to continue its flight for the duration of the War on Terrorism.]

ENSURE :
Expediting Non-Standard Urgent REquirements, formed 1962.

ENTANGLEMENT :
wire laid on or near the ground to serve as an impediment or barrier to passage; a tactical device used to channel, inhibit, or delay troop movements, used in combination with anti-personnel (AP) or anti-tank (AT) mines. See BARBED WIRE, RAZOR WIRE, CONCERTINA, BANGALORE TORPEDO.

ENTENTE :
an informal understanding between countries agreeing to follow a particular policy in international affairs; as derived from intent, an understanding. Also, an alliance of political powers that agree to informally adhere to such a friendly arrangement ("entente cordiale"). Compare TRUCE, RAISON D'ETAT, DETENTE; see RAPPROCHEMENT, COUP D'ETAT, CARTE BLANCHE, DIKTAT, PEACE, APPEASE. [nb: the phrase "peaceful co-existence" seems to have originated as the expression "peaceful and friendly co-existence" at the Ninth All-Russian Congress of the Soviets, then was used in a 30 June 1954 press conference by Dwight D. Eisenhower, but was made famous when uttered by Nikita Khrushchev in a 6 January 1961 speech] [v: Diplomatic Terms]

ENTRENCHMENT :
to surround or fortify a military position with excavations; see TRENCH, TRENCH WARFARE. [v: Military Earthworks Terms]

ENVELOPE :
the performance bounds or the outer environmental limits, as "push the ENVELOPE" or "outside the ENVELOPE"; by extension from a surrounding integument or enclosing membrane, or a surface tangent to each member of a set of surfaces. Derived from (verb) envelop.

ENVIS :
Evader's Night VISion system; a commercial image intensifier introduced into military inventory for inclusion in survival vests. This small (2"X3"X6"), lightweight (14.5oz), monocular pocket scope serves as an emergency Night Vision Device (NVD) to be used during escape and evasion (E&E). [nb: in an effort to control costs and reduce waste, the DoD has instituted a policy of "non-duplication" in military procurement (Military Adaptable Commercial Item {MACI}), such that a mil-spec contract will NOT be let whenever a commercial "off the shelf" (COTS) product is "close enough for government work" and does not require special features; so some name brand items are now in logistical inventory]

EOD :
basic Explosive Ordnance
Disposal badge
basic EOD
(ee-oh-dee) Explosive Ordnance Disposal; sometimes mistakenly called "Explosive Ordnance Demolition". The EOD skill badge is derived from the 1942 Bomb Disposal School insignia, approved for Specialist and Supervisor ratings on 31 July 1957, and redesignated as Basic, Senior, and Master gradations in June 1969. See BUDS, UDT, DIVER, SAPPER, CE, BREACHER, CHARGE, JERRV, FAE, MUNITIONS, UXO, SYMPHONY, DEACTIVATE, Q-COURSE. [nb: Vietnamese term: Chuyen Vien Pha Huy (demolition specialist)] [nb: it is a universal military axiom that no demo expert has ever used too little explosive on a job!]

EOGB :
Electro-Optical Guided Bomb; compare LGB, GBU, VB.

EOT :
End Of Transmission, sent as conclusion to any TWX or morse code message; see CW, BREAK, SQUELCH.

EOTR :
End of Tour Report

EPAULET :
a fabric strip attached to the shoulders of a military BLOUSE, shirt, tunic, jacket, or coat for various purposes, including security of carrying straps, display of insignia, etc; also spelled "epaulette", as derived from shoulder. Originating as an ornamental shoulder piece for dress uniforms, which became a symbol of RANK, then later bore insignia of rank; also called "shoulder loop", and which should be compared with spaulder (spatula [flat piece]), monnion, pauldron, epaulière, épaulière. Compare SHOULDER BOARD, SHOULDER KNOT, SHOULDER STRAP; see GREEN TAB, CREST, CORD, LANYARD, BRASSARD, SAM BROWNE BELT, DRESS.

ER :
(ee-ar) Efficiency Report; see EER, NCOER, OER, FITREP, C&E, BAYONET SHEET.

ERDL :
Engineer Research Development Laboratory, being the designation for the woodland or green-dominant leaf pattern camouflage uniform issued after 1968 for field utility wear in Vietnam, replacing the tropical-weight green jungle uniform that had displaced FATIGUES, and would themselves be later displaced by Battle Dress Uniforms (BDU). This mottled all-cotton ripstop uniform, with its infrared (IR) dispersion dyes, was less of an improvement on the regularly issued JUNGLE BAGS than an effort to standardize the mix of various monochrome and patterned uniforms that proliferated in the VIETNAM WAR, where the possession of CAMMIES became a mark of distinction. The polychromatic dyes used to tone the fabric of CAMO uniforms makes them both heavier and hotter than the plain green jungle uniform, which at least had the virtue of drying more quickly after being soaked by precipitation or perspiration. See CAMO, DRESS.

ESAPI :
Enhanced Small Arms Protective Inserts, plates added to FLAK VESTs to make them bulletproof; see SAPI, OTV, IOTV, HAPPY SUIT, CHICKEN PLATE, FLAK JACKET. [cf: flexible 'mail'; v: doublet]

ESM :
Electronic Support Measures; also known as Electronic Warfare Support Measures (EWSM). Compare ECM.

ESP :
Expanded Security Posture; see SACON, DEFCON, STAND-TO, STAND-DOWN.

ESPIONAGE :
the act or practice of spying upon a government or military by individuals for personal or institutional benefit, private or public advantage, which crime is explicated in Article 106 of the UCMJ, and Title 18, Part 1, Chapter 37 of the USCode; this term derives from "to watch for". See CE, CI, MI, SECRET AGENT, SPOOK, CRYPTO, FIX, MOLE, PROVOCATEUR.

ESPRIT DE CORPS :
a sense of common interests and shared responsibilities developed among the members of a group, as unit affinity and solidarity, or loyalty and pride; often shortened to "esprit" (spirit). Many units have unofficially adopted the concept of "band of brothers" as their informal motif. See CREST, PATCH, HEADGEAR, CORD, TRASH, EARRING, PROP BLAST, SHELLBACK, WINGING, SALTING, BLOOD STRIPE, SLICK SLEEVE, KEEP THE FAITH, SEMPER FI, UCGC, BATTLE CRY, THE EDGE, GUSTO, HOOAH, OORAH, GUNG-HO, WETSU, DIEHARD, VIETNAM IS FOREVER, WINNING HEARTS AND MINDS, STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND, THEY'LL GIVE A WAR AN' NOBODY'LL COME, GOOD PEOPLE, GOOD STICK, PAY DUES, OATH. [cf: the idiomatic French phrase for the indefinable essence or elusive quality of a thing, 'that certain something' ("je ne sais quoi"), literally means 'I don't know what']

ESPY / ESPIAL :
to observe, watch, spy; see LRSP, TRAIL WATCHER, BINH TRAM, COIGN OF VANTAGE. [v: intelligencer]

ET :
Electronics Technician; see TWIDGET.

ETA :
Estimated Time of Arrival; compare ATA.

ETD :
Estimated Time of Departure; compare ATD.

ETO :
European Theater of Operations, being the WWII designation for the area encompassing France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the netherlands; see MTO, NATO.

E-TOOL :
entrenching tool with both
shovel and pick
e-tool
entrenching tool, a folding shovel; one version included a folding pick opposite the shovel head, and later versions were tri-fold serrated shovels with D-handles. The E-TOOL was intended for digging and chopping, could be a close-combat weapon, but was mostly used for digging FOX HOLES and CAT HOLES. [nb: weapons evolved from tools, so a reversion in modern times is noteworthy: E-TOOLs were used in close combat during the 1945 battle for Berlin and 1950-3 KOREAN WAR]

ETS :
Estimated Termination of Service, or Expiration of Term of Service; the scheduled date of separation from Active Duty. The release date is only "estimated" because the military can discharge personnel earlier or later, depending upon need. During the Vietnam-era, the date of release from Active Duty status was often advanced (EARLY OUT) by completing a combat tour (eg: Vietnam, Laos) or HARDSHIP assignment (eg: Korea, Alaska). Compare DOE, DEROS. [nb: the military has an involuntary "stop-loss" authority, which allows each branch to compel soldiers who reach the end of their enlistment to remain in uniform for "the good of the service"]

EVAC :
(ee-vak) a medical EVACuation station for stabilized patients requiring further treatment or surgery; compare SICK CALL, AID STATION. Also, an EVACuation hospital supporting military actions at division and higher levels; compare MASH, FST, CSH, FIELD HOSP, MEDEVAC, CHOP SHOP. Also, contraction of medical EVACuation, being the transport and treatment of any injured person from training or combat by any means; see BAND-AID, CRACKER BOX, MEDEVAC, DUSTOFF, AIR AMBULANCE, LUGGAGE TAG, TRIAGE.

EVAPORATOR :
a continuous distillation plant aboard ships that converts sea water to vapor, removing salt and impurities, which is then condensed to obtain potable water; this process imitates the natural cycle (from sunshine evaporation to raindrop condensation), which can be improvised with the construction of a solar still; compare WATER PURIFICATION TABLET. Also, any heating element (including an oven) used to dehydrate food for preservation and storage; see BEANS, CHOW, RATIONS.

EVERY MAN FOR HIMSELF :
the sense of isolation or alienation that most people experience when engaged in a disorganized or chaotic situation, especially a sudden MEETING ENGAGEMENT or startling AMBUSH; see SHIT HIT THE FAN, SEAT OF THE PANTS, HELMET FIRE, CONFUSION. Also, the perilous condition, as in a disaster or emergency, a fight or other risky circumstance, when one is in competition with anyone else's presence or success; as being without allies or allegiance ... a situation that the military attempts to expunge from its civilian inductees! ... also expressed as "every man for his own hand", as Henry Wynd fought in the feud between clans Chattan and Kay, meaning that every man seeks his own advantage, being a proverbial saying recorded in the writings of Walter Scott. Compare STRANGERS IN A STRANGE LAND, KING OF THE HILL, FIGHTING MAD, BATTLE ROYAL, DOGFIGHT, CLOSE QUARTERS BATTLE, FIREFIGHT, BATTLE; see CUTTHROAT. [v: anomie]

EVOLUTION :
a pattern formed by or as if by a series of movements; derived from unroll or open. Also, a movement, or one of a series of movements, of troops, ships, or the like, as for disposition in order of battle or in line of march. Also, any similar movement, especially in close order drill. Also, an individual's recurring work or assignment; see FATIGUE, DUTY, DUTY ROSTER, WATCH BILL.

EW :
Electronic Warfare; being the use of electromagnetic energy in military actions to determine, exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use of the electromagnetic spectrum, while sustaining friendly uses. Compare ECM, ECTAR, ESM / EWSM, COUNTERMEASURES.

E-WARHEAD :
an electronic or electromagnetic pulse (EMP) WAR NOSE, alone or combined with an explosive WARHEAD, that's designed to disable the electrical and telecommunications infrastructure. [v: Compton effect, Planck's constant, quantum theory]

EWC :
Electronic Warfare Center

EWO :
Electronic Warfare Officer, informally known as BEAR, or backseater in fighter aircraft; see GIB, RIO, RSO, WSO (WIZZO); compare FUF.

EWSM :
Electronic Warfare Support Measures, also known as Electronic Support Measures (ESM); actions taken to search for, intercept, identify, and locate sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition, and the appropriate tactical response of countering, avoidance, targeting, and other employments to each. Such EWSM data can be used to produce signals intelligence (SIGINT), both communications intelligence (COMINT) & electronics intelligence (ELINT).

EXECUTIVE AGREEMENT :
a document, similar to a TREATY, that is signed by the U.S. president (POTUS), but does not require approval by the Senate.

EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE :
the discretionary right claimed by certain U.S. chief executives or their staffs, at the state or federal level, to withhold information from public disclosure, or other legislative or judicial inquirey, on the ground that such revelations would hamper effective governmental operations and decision-making; this rationale contends a violation of the constitutional separation of the branches of government. OVERSIGHT is endemic to the CHAIN-OF-COMMAND, with the sole and limited exception of a NEED TO KNOW restriction on security matters. [v: checks and balances]

EXECUTIVE ORDER :
a declaration by the chief executive of a state or nation that has the force of law and requires no action by the legislature.

EXECUTIVE SESSION :
a meeting or proceeding, generally closed to the public, of a deliberative body or its leaders, such as a commander's briefing or courts martial determination; also called "closed-door session", "in chambers discussion", and "in camera hearing". See BRIEFING, CONFAB, OFFICER'S CALL, CHIN CHIN, POWWOW.

EXFIL :
EXFILtrate, EXFILtration; a stealthy exit or inconspicuous departure from an operational area. Compare INFIL; see FLIP-FLOP, FALSE INSERTION, SHELL GAME, SKYHOOK, TRAWL. [nb: unlike sex, getting into an operational area is the easy part; getting back out with the INTEL after the mission is much more difficult, and sometimes impossible]

EXILE :
a person expelled from his native homeland or country by authoritative decree; ejecta, expatriate, as derived from "banishment"; see PNG, GONE NATIVE. Also, to withdraw allegiance from one's native land in response to war or repression; compare DP, BOAT PEOPLE.

EXPEDITOR :
C-45 / RC-45 / UC-45 / F-2 aircraft; see BIRD.

EXPLETIVE :
an interjectory or emphatic expression, sometimes objectionable, such as an exclamatory OATH or an odious profanation. Also, a syllable, word, or phrase serving as ("expletory") filler or emphasis. See TALK TRASH, SMACK, CONFETTI, SNOW, BLOW SMOKE, SHOOT THE SHIT, BAD-MOUTH, GODDAM, FUCK, GUNDECKING, ATTITUDE ADJUSTMENT. [nb: 'gee' and 'gee-whiz', used as an interjection or exclamation, derive as euphemisms for the name "Jesus"; archaic 'zounds' derived as contraction of "God's wounds"; "blimey" or "gorblimey", used as an interjection or exclamation, derive as a reduction of "God blind me"; 'hooey', allegedly an Americanism used as an interjection for nonsense or tripe, is actually a corruption of the Russian vulgarity ("khuy") for penis, and is commonly used alone (eg: dick, dickhead, dick-wad) or in phrases (eg: dumber than dick; he doesn't know dick; don't dick around; don't stir your tea with your dick; don't dip your dick in the soup)] [cf: migration of "putz" from shine through ornament to penis and dolt; as sexual lure] [v: lucky stiff] [Swearing is either juvenile or crass, but MIL-PERS admire talent and respect skill, so creative vulgarity and uncommon scurrility is often appreciated. "The talk of him that sweareth much maketh the hair stand upright." Ecclesiasticus 27:14 Apocrypha; "In certain trying circumstances, urgent circumstances, desperate circumstances, profanity furnishes a relief denied even to prayer." by Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens); "Take not God's name in vain; select a time when it will have effect." by Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce; "Grant me some wild expressions, Heavens, or I shall burst." by George Farquhar; "When angry, count four; when very angry, swear." by Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens); "A whoreson jackanapes must take me up for swearing; as if I borrowed mine oaths of him and might not spend them at my pleasure. ... When a gentleman is disposed to swear, it is not for any standers-by to curtail his oaths, ha?" by William Shakespeare; "A footman may swear; but he cannot swear like a lord. He can swear as often: but can he swear with equal delicacy, propriety, and judgment?" by Jonathan Swift; "'Twas but my tongue, 'twas not my soul that swore." by Euripides; "It comes to pass oft that a terrible oath, with a swaggering accent sharply twanged off, gives manhood more approbation than ever proof itself would have earned him." by William Shakespeare]

EXPLOSIVE :
explosives warning sign
warning sign
see EOD, BUDS, UDT, SAPPER, CE, BREACHER, SATCHEL CHARGE, CHARGE, BLAST, FAE, C-4, SHAPED CHARGE, DEMO, HEP, DET CORD, DEFLAGRATION, SLOW MATCH, SQUIB, FUSE, FUZE, DETONATOR, COCKTAIL, MOLOTOV COCKTAIL, SOUP, FOXING, TRIGGER, WAR NOSE, BOMB, IED, HME, EFP, BOOBY-TRAP, TOE-POPPER, GAMMON GRENADE, GRENADE, CLAYMORE, MINE, CBRNE, BIGGER BANG FOR THE BUCK, SECONDARY EXPLOSION, BLOWN, FIRE IN THE HOLE, RED FLAG, FLYING BRAVO, JIEDDO, UXO, SYMPHONY, DEACTIVATE. [nb: Vietnamese term: Pha Huy] [nb: Alfred B. Nobel invented dynamite [initially nitroglycerin (C3H5N3O9), later replaced by ammonium nitrate], blasting-cap detonator, smokeless gunpowder, and explosive gelatin. lyddite (a toponym after the British proving grounds at Lydd, a municipal borough of southeast England) was used successfully as an explosive filler for most artillery shells and bombs in the First World War; and is also known as picric acid, carbazotic acid, picronitric acid, phenol trinitrate, trinitrophenol (TNP), or trinitrobenzene. Gunpowder was invented by the Chinese around AD 850, and was separately reinvented in the mid-thirteenth century by Roger Bacon, an English scholar and scientist.]

EXPLOSIVE PRESSURE :
the result of the rapid ignition of volatile substances, flammable gases, or combustible mists of suspended materials, within either confined or unconfined spaces; which transference extends the effective force of detonation beyond its point of origin or impact.

EXTENDER :
KC-10 fuel TANKER aircraft; see BIRD.

EXTRACTION :
to be withdrawn from any operation or operational area, usually by airlift; see JACOB'S LADDER, DEBARKATION NET, SKYHOOK, McGUIRE RIG, STABO.

EXTRAORDINARY POWERS :
the discretionary authority granted to a leader (LDR), or to a designated group of executives, to temporarily exceed legal strictures under exceptional circumstances, which decision is subject to review after the fact; sometimes called "emergency powers". See HOT PURSUIT, WARNING SHOT, EXECUTIVE ORDER. [nb: "And if also any one contend (in the fight), he is not crowned (for victory) unless he contend lawfully." 2 Timothy 2:5]

EYE :
a noose or loop at the end of a ROPE or LINE, often woven or "eye-spliced" and WHIPped for strength as a permanent feature, in a towline, prolonge-knot join, or other toggle linkage. Also used to form a stirrup line. A knotted EYE may be formed, by bowline or other non-slipping knot, as an improvised sling or stirrup. An EYE is called a "hondo" when used to form a lasso. See PAD EYE, BELAY, McGUIRE RIG, STABO, DEADEYE.

EYE-BALL / EYE-BALLING :
to look or watch attentively, especially to see what's being looked at (instead of looking without seeing), often used as an injunction or directive; see HAIRY EYEBALL, compare CHECK IT OUT, VR, EYE-CHECK, DOUBLE-O, STACKING SWIVEL. Also, to roll one's eyes or to let one's vision wander while standing at PARADE REST or ATTENTION, which is an infraction of military bearing; in the Navy, sailors are enjoined to keep their eyes "in the boat"; see GUNDECKING, THE BIBLE. [v: "custody of the eyes"]

EYE-CHECK :
a visual inspection or scrutiny; see EYE-BALL, DOUBLE-O, STACKING SWIVEL, VR. Also, a look that blocks movement or inhibits action, as a glance that obstructs or impedes; see HAIRY EYEBALL. Also, a movement of the eyes to survey or inquire among colleagues. Also, a non-verbal conclusion or agreement performed entirely by visual reading among group members; a mute concensus. [v: "custody of the eyes"]

EYES ONLY :
a delimiter qualifying duplication and restricting distribution of CLASSIFIED documents; also called "Close Hold". In the realm of verbal reports that eschew documentation of any kind, this restriction is expressed as "for your ears only". See NEED TO KNOW, COMPARTMENTALIZATION.




MilTerms
index
S-1:
ADMIN
S-2:
INTEL
S-3:
OPNS
S-4:
QM
S-5:
CA
S-6:
COMMO
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